Cotton is one of the major cash crops widely planted in over 80 countries, with an annual output value of $12 billion, mainly for fiber. Cotton fibers, the most important natural material for textile industry, are extremely long, single-celled seed-born trichomes.Research group led by Professor Xiaoya Chen in Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,Shanghai lnstitues for Biological Scinces, Chinese Academy of Scinences isolated a cotton fiber elongation gene,GhHOX3.